Describes the Planning Pyramid, a framework to help regular and special education teachers cover required curriculum while modifying learning requirements to meet individual differences. The pyramid's base represents "what all students will learn," the middle portion "what most students will learn," and the top portion "what some students will…

This introduction to three papers on effective instruction of students with disabilities provides a conceptual model for effective instruction linking components of effective instruction to principles and strategies that provide a framework for intervention and lists specific tactics for teachers to use in delivering instruction. (JDD)

Constraints on the learning of secondary students with disabilities are examined, and Algozzine and Ysseldyke's model of effective instruction is offered as a framework for enabling more learning to take place. These principles, such as establishing a positive classroom environment, keeping students actively involved, and modifying instructions,…

Describes successful practices for the socialization of students with and without disabilities in the general education classroom. A model of inclusion conducive to establishing positive interactions and communication among students with and without disabilities is presented. Effective intervention strategies involving the relationship between two…

The article offers a nine-step model for developing, implementing, and monitoring educational plans for exceptional students with limited English proficiency. Regular and special educators are encouraged to target the students, summarize student data, maintain rapport, share student information, and jointly plan an instructional intervention.…

An itinerant special education teacher talks about her changing role in the development of social skills in young children with disabilities. A continuum of social skills interventions is explained and the importance of matching types of interventions to children and settings is stressed. The special challenges of the itinerant teacher role are…

Discussion of curriculum-based assessment in spelling considers spelling deficits, spelling assessment instruments, administering curriculum based spelling tests, and monitoring progress. Use of the criterion-referenced testing model provides teachers with grade-level specific and skill-specific information and can assist in individualized…

Enumerates negative emotions that early childhood teachers may feel when first encountering the handicapped child and suggests ways to overcome these feelings. (KS)

Discusses using integrated curriculum as a means of providing for the unique instructional needs of students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. Models of integrated inclusion, advantages of integrated curriculum, and procedures for integrating independent living skills, social skills, and learning strategies into the curriculum are…

This article describes a systematic approach to communication appropriate for nearly all topics of elementary mathematics for students with disabilities. A matrix illustrates the interactive unit, in which the teacher provides input on concepts, routines, or problems by either manipulating, displaying, saying, or writing and the student responds…

Describes four models for grouping in cooperative teaching settings with a regular and a special educator. Common coteaching issues such as grading and classroom management are addressed. Charts provide a framework for lesson planning in coteaching settings. (DB)

This article explains the combination of instructional practices called personalized contextual instruction (PCI) and illustrates its implementation by a general education teacher, a special education teacher, and a paraprofessional working together in a multiage primary inclusive classroom. The PCI approach incorporates individual learning…

This article presents a teacher collaboration model called curriculum-based collaboration (CBC), which utilizes the differing expertise and perspectives of general and special education teachers. CBC includes several steps: (1) identify key content; (2) hold a planning meeting; (3) deliver instruction; (4) conduct an interim assessment; (5)…

Describes four models that have been shown to be effective in including students with disabilities in regular school programs: consultation, team teaching, aide services, and limited pullout service. Advantages and challenges of inclusion at the middle-school level are addressed. (DB)

The importance of multilevel planning in the increasing use of coteaching models as one means of providing special education services in general education classrooms is addressed. Guidelines for planning for effective coteaching are offered at the district level, the building level, and the classroom level. (DB)