Describes the philosophical bases of confluent education, and provides examples of this method in language instruction. (AM)

Reviews research on the importance of oral language for the child and provides a framework for curriculum design based on talk purposes, talk contexts, and talk planning. (DD)

A thorough revision of present syllabus-design practices is necessary to achieve the goal of enabling the learner to use the target language with relative fluency in simulated speech transactions. Four new orientations are suggested that lead more directly to language use than do monolithic and paradigm-oriented linguistic features. (Author/RM)

The weaknesses and shortcomings of the present language programs in African universities are reviewed along with some plans for future development. The design of a course in language and culture is outlined. (JMF)

A model for second language teachers includes the definition of basic content for all students, diagnosis, and a series of reinforcement and enrichment activities. Variation of the basic model are applied to three levels of instruction. (Author/SW)

Presents a justification of a loose-leaf curriculum for middle and upper school deaf students based on a core of practical goals for living and English language for public interactions. (Author/SBH)

Discusses three obstacles to interdisciplinary cooperation in education: (1) compartmentalization of teachers and teaching, (2) reluctance of educators to tackle the problem, and (3) difficulties in intraschool and intrasystem communication. Recommends collecting, expanding, and sharing curricular components to achieve the goal. (PMJ)

Discusses techniques that facilitate student learning, conserve instructor time, provide a rationale for course and materials design, and increase inter-rater reliability. Includes suggestions for providing for student differences, determining what to teach and when, and saving time in grading compositions. (PMJ)

The English as a second language (ESL) curriculum should focus on tasks which embody the kinds of thinking that students might encounter outside the ESL class setting. A sample ESL unit having tasks to provide intrinsic motivation to use certain linguistic structures is presented. (SW)

This article discusses the value of the notional-functional approach to language teaching and considers some sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and linguistic features of the notional-functional syllabus. (CFM)

Discusses the types of materials that should be used in the foreign language classroom to teach students how to communicate in real-life situations. These materials are called "communication tasks." (CFM)

Sets out the advantages of a functional/notional syllabus as opposed to a grammatical syllabus. Presents topics around which to build a functional/notional syllabus in teaching college-level French. Makes suggestions, based on students' perception of their communicative needs, for the sequencing of these materials. (PMJ)