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Peer reviewedFotos, Sandra S. – TESOL Quarterly, 1994
A study of three grammar consciousness-raising tasks dealing with word order among Japanese university students showed that the tasks successfully promoted both proficiency gains and second-language negotiated interaction in participants. Negotiation quantity was determined by the combination of task features present rather than the nature of the…
Descriptors: College Students, Communicative Competence (Languages), Grammar, Higher Education
Download full textKitao, S. Kathleen; Kitao, Kenji – 1996
The testing of grammar is one of the mainstays of language testing, since it can be argued that a basic knowledge of grammar underlies the ability to use language to express meaning. The most common way of testing grammatical knowledge is the multiple-choice test, and the most common multiple-choice item is one in which the student selects a word…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Foreign Countries, Grammar, Language Proficiency
