How the manipulative aid called the "10 frame" can be used to teach the number combinations for 10, the addition facts that bridge 10, and the place value nature of our number system is described. (MNS)

Addition and subtraction of integers can be approached through the use of chips of two colors. (SD)

Specific instruction in different contexts provide needed background for solving addition and subtraction problems. The categories of problems and relative difficulties are presented, followed by an explanation of a successful instructional sequence. (MNS)

Helping teachers to build a strong bridge from concrete experiences to algorithms is the focus. A detailed sequence of activities is described. (MN)

A "flipping" clown figure can be used on a number line to help students conceptualize operations using negative numbers. (SJL)

Described are activities using paper plates with dots drawn on them which place a heavy emphasis on matching and ordering sets, on developing mental images of sets, and on perceiving sets of a certain size as composed of smaller subsets. Also suggested are activities involving numerals. (Author/TG)

A method of using pegboards to illustrate addition of whole numbers is described. (SD)

Findings from a study with first-grade children on addition and subtraction help make a case for a conceptual rather than a mechanized approach to the operations. How base ten blocks were used in the program is illustrated. (MNS)

A method is presented for helping children make a smooth transition from using manipulative materials to using symbols only in solving multidigit addition problems. (MP)

Provides the instructions to build a homemade calculator that can be used as a reinforcement device to assist primary students in memorizing their addition facts. (MDH)

Five-frames are proposed as manipulative material to increase children's ability to identify the number of objects without direct counting. How to use frames and beansticks to construct basic facts without counting is discussed. (MNS)

Described is a study in which three instructional approaches were applied in second grade classes. Discussed are proportional materials, nonproportional materials, nonproportional materials with pictorial models. Findings, results, and recommendations are presented. (CW)

This set of papers was selected from presentations made at the Fourth and Fifth Annual Conferences of the Research Council for Diagnostic and Prescriptive Mathematics because of their pertinence to classroom teachers. The papers concern: (1) "Research and Development Related to Learning about Numerals for Whole Numbers: Implications for…

This guide contains six sections which offer suggested sequential steps for teaching addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fraction concepts and algorithms, and decimal fractions. Based on the manipulative approach, the guide offers activities and teaching methods which give students many opportunities to work with models. This approach…

This guide is a collection of ideas for mathematics activities which were assembled and tested by primary teachers. The activities supplement the teaching of basic numeracy and include topics such as algorithms, pyramids, magic squares, multiples, and number values. The guide is organized into four sections: (1) addition and subtraction; (2)…