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McAndrew, Donald A.; Williamson, Michael M. – Research & Teaching in Developmental Education, 1985
Offers a broad historical overview of research and theory in the teaching of composition, focusing on D. Gordon Rohman's study of the writing process; Janet Emig's introduction of the writing protocol; and Linda Flower and John R. Hayes's work on the mental processes involved in writing. (DMM)
Descriptors: Literature Reviews, Models, Protocol Analysis, Writing Processes
Rosenberg, Ronni – Educational Technology, 1987
Reviews the current status of intelligent tutoring systems and summarizes the literature that evaluates these systems. Discussion highlights the problems of inadequate models, the lack of protocol analysis in systems design, and flaws in testing methodologies. (20 references) (CLB)
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Educational Needs, Evaluation Criteria, Expert Systems

Stewart, Jim; Dale, Michael – Science Education, 1989
Investigates high school students' understanding of the physical relationship of chromosomes and genes as expressed in their conceptual models and in their ability to manipulate the models to explain solutions to dihybrid cross problems. Describes three typical models and three students' reasoning processes. Discusses four implications. (YP)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Biology, Concept Formation, Fundamental Concepts