Fuzzy sets have experienced multiple expansions since their conception to enhance their capacity to convey complex information. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, image fuzzy sets, q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets, and neutrosophic sets are a few of these extensions. Researchers and academics have acquired a lot of information about their theories and methods…

"Improving Mathematics in the Early Years and Key Stage 1" reviews the best available evidence to offer five recommendations for developing the maths skills of 3-7-year olds. Recommendations include integrating maths into different activities throughout the day -- for example, at registration and snack time -- to familiarise children…

This third edition of the best-selling "Mathematics in Nursery Education" provides an accessible introduction to the teaching of mathematics in the early years. Covering all areas of mathematics learning--number and counting, calculation, pattern, shape, measures and data handling--it summarises the research findings and underlying key concepts…

A student noticed an interesting fact about the base two numerals for perfect numbers. Mathematical explanations for some questions are given. (MNS)

The chapters in this book reflect the work of science and mathematics educators who have worked for many years at the international level. As members of the International Consortium for Research in Science and Mathematics Education, their work provides readers with issues, models, practices, and research results that have applicability and…

The principle of the permanence of the rules of calculation is contrasted with the concretization permanence principle. Both apply to situations where some arithmetical operation known to children for numbers of a certain kind is to be extended to include further numbers. (MNS)

Activities are presented that focus on attributes of numbers. The activities highlight such attributes as more than, equal to, greater than, less than, LCM, prime and factor. The activities provide practice in motivational game-oriented situations. (RH)

The number charts described in this article have been used successfully with elementary students as young as first graders to teach the concepts of even and odd numbers. Students construct charts and then answer a series of questions about the patterns that they observe. (RH)

Describes various aids and activities to help in planning lessons that will encourage the development of sound place value knowledge. Also discusses various instructional strategies to help students avoid problems which may lead to an incomplete or faulty understanding of place value. (JN)

Examples are given of several compound games of strategy that involve mathematical theory and provide new bases for understanding and axiomatizing the concept of "number." (MN)

Presents an elementary physics problem, the solution of which illuminates physical meaning and its relation to real, imaginary, and complex mathematical quantities. (JRH)

The history of Hawaiian number systems is examined, and answers to questions regarding Hawaiian number words, including their origin and factors that influenced their development, are covered. A brief guide for pronouncing Hawaiian words is also provided. (MP)

Three methods for using four-function, counting calculators for developing understanding of the meaning of square roots and operations on whole and rational numbers are described. (MP)

Understanding rational numbers is often an elusive goal in mathematics. Presented is an approach for teaching rational numbers that has been used with many preservice and elementary school teachers. With some adaptation, the approach could be used with secondary school students. (RH)

Two ideas to use as a bulletin board display as an activity center, or as worksheets emphasizing whole number concepts are described. (JT)