Character education specialists seem to know it when they see it, but what it means to call something a character education program remains unclear. One possible source for this uncertainty is the manner in which character education has been defined. By identifying certain features as necessary, existing definitions fail to encompass the universe…

Background: The relation between academic self-concept and achievement has been examined in a large number of studies. The majority of these studies have found evidence for a reciprocal effects model. However, there is an ongoing debate on how students' achievement should be measured and whether the type of achievement indicator (grades, tests,…

Presents a theory of self-knowledge, a method of measuring it, research identifying four stages in its development, and strategies for increasing self-knowledge through education and counseling. (Author)

For more than a quarter of a century self-esteem increasingly has been viewed as the magic key to success and happiness. Earned self-esteem is based on learning to tolerate frustration and delay, to care for others, to work hard, and to persevere in the face of obstacles. These tasks of developing relationships and competencies enable one to…

A five-step model is presented for conducting groups that enhance students' knowledge, self-awareness, and interpersonal skills. Differences between educational growth group model and other forms of group work are outlined. Goals and potential benefits for counselors are listed, along with examples of counselors' applications of the model. (Author)

The article describes some of the self-concept needs of gifted Black students and presents a model for helping Black secondary students develop positive self-concepts. (CL)

A literature-based model of good information processing is sketched describing how metacognitive knowledge influences strategy selection and use. Three problems for learning-disabled students in using study strategies productively are discussed: neurological impairments; deficiencies in general world knowledge; and negative beliefs, attitudes, and…

Discusses the University of York's Centre for Global Education's four-dimensional model of global education, which includes inner, spatial, temporal, and issues dimensions. Presents the argument that an irreducible global perspective should include: (1) systems consciousness; (2) perspective consciousness; (3) health of planet awareness; (4)…

This paper discusses theories and techniques of motivation in the context of special education. Cognitive, need/drive and instinct theories are discussed, as are contributing factors such as self-concept and anxiety. Classroom techniques such as peer tutoring and intrinsic vs. extrinsic reinforcement are considered in terms of these theories. (PB)

Reviews some developments in psychoanalysis that related directly to supervision and are relevant for clinical supervision in schools. Shows how recent theoretical advances in psychoanalysis can help supervisors better understand the nature of teaching and guide their own relationships with teachers. (MLF)

Provides guidelines and practical ideas for counselors interested in functioning as consultants within a developmental framework. A nine-step model for planning, conducting, and evaluating in-service work with school staffs is described and an in-service workshop format focusing on self-concept is provided. (Author)

The ReQuest procedure, designed to teach students to raise questions independently, has many components that lend themselves to solving some of the problems faced by the teacher of juvenile delinquents. (HOD)

The article questions the loss model used to explain a lack of motivation in visually impaired clients. An alternative model proposes that self-efficacy is the primary factor in adjustment, suggesting that early skill-oriented intervention can prevent loss of competence and foster a sense of personal control essential for successful…

Results of a longitudinal study of mentally handicapped Canadian adults' perceptions of their quality of life led to development of a conceptual model. The model calls for a reciprocal link between client and field worker wherein the field worker mediates goals and develops a program based on client-generated programing selections. (JDD)

A study (n=139 students) used hierarchical structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between intellectual development and identity from the beginning of the freshman year through the end of the sophomore year. Results suggest that the college freshman's sense of identity is important in later intellectual development. Intervention…