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Direct linkKritika Thapa – ProQuest LLC, 2023
Measurement invariance is crucial for making valid comparisons across different groups (Kline, 2016; Vandenberg, 2002). To address the challenges associated with invariance testing such as large sample size requirements, the complexity of the model, etc., applied researchers have incorporated parcels. Parcels have been shown to alleviate skewness,…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment
Peer reviewed
Download full textHopstock, Paul J.; Pelczar, Marisa P. – National Center for Education Statistics, 2011
This technical report and user's guide is designed to provide researchers with an overview of the design and implementation of the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), as well as with information on how to access the PISA 2009 data. This information is meant to supplement that presented in Organization for Economic Cooperation…
Descriptors: Parent Materials, Academic Achievement, Measures (Individuals), Program Effectiveness
