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van Drie, Jannet; van Boxtel, Carla – Educational Psychology Review, 2008
This article explores historical reasoning, an important activity in history learning. Based upon an extensive review of empirical literature on students' thinking and reasoning about history, a theoretical framework of historical reasoning is proposed. The framework consists of six components: asking historical questions, using sources,…
Descriptors: Educational Practices, History Instruction, Time Perspective, Cognitive Structures
McMahon, Mary; Watson, Mark – Australian Journal of Career Development, 2007
Since its first publication more than 15 years ago, the Systems Theory Framework (STF) has become an established metatheoretical framework in the international career development literature. Ten years into its history, the first review of its development was published. The present article overviews the expansion of the STF literature since that…
Descriptors: Systems Approach, Social Theories, Cognitive Structures, Theory Practice Relationship

Pierce, Sydney J. – Library and Information Science Research, 1987
Reviews research which indicates that the knowledge structures of professional literatures are systematically different from those of scientific literatures, and that these differences are consistent with theories of scientific knowledge such as those advanced by Kuhn, Polyani, and Zinman. A list of 104 references is included. (MES)
Descriptors: Citation Analysis, Cognitive Structures, Scientific and Technical Information

Pillow, Bradford H. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1988
Examines a general developmental hypothesis concerned with children's understanding of perceptual experience, memory, intentions, and emotions. It is hypothesized that young children view the mind as passive in relation to the external world and regard external events as determining subjective experience, whereas older children know many ways that…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Beliefs, Childhood Attitudes, Children
Aguirre, Adalberto, Jr., Ed.; Martinez, Ruben O., Ed. – ASHE Higher Education Report, 2006
This monograph examines and discusses the context for diversity leadership roles and practices in higher education by using research and theoretical and applied literatures from a variety of fields, including the social sciences, business, and higher education. Framing the discussion on leadership in this monograph is the perspective that American…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Social Sciences, Leadership, Organizational Theories
Davis, Robert B. – 1984
There has long been dispute in mathematics between the drill and practice orientation that focuses primarily on memorizing mathematics as meaningless rote algorithms and the approach based on understanding and making creative use of mathematics. This 25-chapter book, based on a 7-year study at the University of Illinois, seeks to explain and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Elementary Secondary Education, Learning Strategies
Banziger, George – 1984
Attribution theory and gerontology would be enriched by the application of a life-span approach to attribution, involving increased attention to the age of the stimulus person and developmental factors associated with self-attribution. In studies on achievement attributions about older people, chronological age appears to be a more salient cue for…
Descriptors: Achievement, Adult Development, Age Differences, Aging (Individuals)

Calvert, Sandra L.; Huston, Aletha C. – New Directions for Child Development, 1987
Points out that the world of television activates, cultivates, and alters the gender schemata that children bring to the viewing situation. Finds that viewing can also promote creation of new schemata or modification of existing ones. (Author/RWB)
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Childhood Attitudes, Children, Cognitive Structures
Hancock, Daryl R. – 1992
The usefulness of geography knowledge in a child's education is philosophically analyzed from two perspectives: (1) what geography knowledge should U.S. schools be teaching?; and (2) is there agreement about what types of geographical knowledge U.S. schools should teach? Only geographical knowledge that will be useful in life should be taught to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Cultural Awareness, Educational Philosophy, Elementary Secondary Education
Schmidt, Henk G.; Norman, Geoffrey R. – 1990
The paper presents the thesis that experienced physicians, while diagnosing routine cases, are operating upon knowledge structures that are distinctively different from those of novice physicians and students. In the course of their medical training, students develop rich, elaborated causal networks, explaining the causes and consequences of…
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, Cognitive Structures, Decision Making, Higher Education

Stangor, Charles; Ruble, Diane N. – New Directions for Child Development, 1987
Examines research which suggests that children's developing knowledge about traditional gender roles has a substantial influence on how children process information pertaining to gender. Evidence also shows that as children attain gender constancy, their behaviors become especially responsive to gender-related information. (Author/RWB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Behavior Patterns, Children, Cognitive Development

Signorella, Margaret L. – New Directions for Child Development, 1987
Supports the position that although individual differences have often been ignored, children do differ in the stereotyping of their gender identities and attitudes (gender schemata). Stresses that children with traditionally stereotyped gender schemata process information about gender differently from children who have less stereotyped schemata.…
Descriptors: Childhood Attitudes, Children, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Structures

Sfard, Anna – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1991
This paper presents a theoretical framework for investigating the role of algorithms in mathematical thinking using a combined ontological-psychological outlook. The intent is to demonstrate that the processes of learning and of problem solving incorporate an elaborate interplay between operational and structural conceptualizations of the same…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Structures, Concept Formation

Riding, Richard; Sadler-Smith, Eugene – Educational Studies, 1992
Reports on a study of 129 secondary students' cognitive style as related to instructional effectiveness. Finds that graphic and pictorial information improves fact retention. Recommends that teachers and teacher trainers should be aware of students' learning styles and attempt to meet their needs. (CFR)
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Cognitive Style, Computer Assisted Instruction, Foreign Countries
Walpole, MaryBeth, Ed. – ASHE Higher Education Report, 2007
This volume examines conceptual frameworks and models that flow from scholars' definitions and operationalizations of social class: status attainment theory, human capital theory, the financial nexus model, Bourdieuian theory, and critical race theory. Since students often have multiple social locations that affect their educational process, the…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Access to Education, Human Capital, Definitions