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Dahlia K. Remler; Gregg G. Van Ryzin – American Journal of Evaluation, 2025
This article reviews the origins and use of the terms quasi-experiment and natural experiment. It demonstrates how the terms conflate whether variation in the independent variable of interest falls short of random with whether researchers find, rather than intervene to create, that variation. Using the lens of assignment--the process driving…
Descriptors: Quasiexperimental Design, Research Design, Experiments, Predictor Variables
Kvernbekk, Tone – Routledge Research in Education, 2021
This important book offers a meta-theoretical account of educational theories and how they work. It offers a classification scheme of distinct types of educational theory in which the account developed can inform the work of educational theorists and practitioners. Kvernbekk observes throughout how meta-theoretical knowledge of the structure of…
Descriptors: Educational Theories, Classification, Theory Practice Relationship, Educational Practices
Choi, Youn-Jeng; Asilkalkan, Abdullah – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2019
About 45 R packages to analyze data using item response theory (IRT) have been developed over the last decade. This article introduces these 45 R packages with their descriptions and features. It also describes possible advanced IRT models using R packages, as well as dichotomous and polytomous IRT models, and R packages that contain applications…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Data Analysis, Computer Software, Test Bias
Lin, Van-Kim; Madill, Rebecca – Administration for Children & Families, 2019
"Spatial analysis" is an analytic method that uses location-based variables or maps to understand how places, the characteristics of places, and the people and things in places are arranged in space, as well as the reasons for these arrangements. This resource focuses on how spatial analysis can be used to understand early care and…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Early Childhood Education, Child Care, Geographic Location
Chiu, Chia-Yi; Köhn, Hans-Friedrich; Wu, Huey-Min – International Journal of Testing, 2016
The Reduced Reparameterized Unified Model (Reduced RUM) is a diagnostic classification model for educational assessment that has received considerable attention among psychometricians. However, the computational options for researchers and practitioners who wish to use the Reduced RUM in their work, but do not feel comfortable writing their own…
Descriptors: Educational Diagnosis, Classification, Models, Educational Assessment
Ellis, Rod – ELT Journal, 2009
As a basis for a systematic approach to investigating the effects of written corrective feedback, this article presents a typology of the different types available to teachers and researchers. The typology distinguishes two sets of options relating to (1) strategies for providing feedback (for example, direct, indirect, or metalinguistic feedback)…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Classification, Error Correction, Writing (Composition)
Oakes, Lisa M. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2010
Habituation of looking time has become the standard method for studying cognitive processes in infancy. This method has a long history and derives from the study of memory and habituation itself. Often, however, it is not clear how researchers make decisions about how to implement habituation as a tool to study processes such as categorization,…
Descriptors: Infants, Memory, Habituation, Cognitive Processes
Pierce, Robyn; Stacey, Kaye – International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning, 2010
This paper proposes a taxonomy of the pedagogical opportunities that are offered by mathematics analysis software such as computer algebra systems, graphics calculators, dynamic geometry or statistical packages. Mathematics analysis software is software for purposes such as calculating, drawing graphs and making accurate diagrams. However, its…
Descriptors: Computer Software, Graphing Calculators, Professional Development, Classification
Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Leech, Nancy L.; Collins, Kathleen M. T. – Qualitative Report, 2010
This article provides an innovative meta-framework comprising strategies designed to guide qualitative data collection in the 21st century. We present a meta-framework comprising strategies for collecting data from interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents/material culture. We present a template for collecting nonverbal data during…
Descriptors: Data Collection, Qualitative Research, Innovation, Focus Groups
Kane, Michael T. – Educational Researcher, 2008
Lissitz and Samuelsen (2007) have proposed an operational definition of "validity" that shifts many of the questions traditionally considered under validity to a separate category associated with the utility of test use. Operational definitions support inferences about how well people perform some kind of task or how they respond to some kind of…
Descriptors: Test Use, Definitions, Validity, Classification
Nieminen, Timo A.; Choi, Serene Hyun-Jin – International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 2008
Quantitative behaviour analysis requires the classification of behaviour to produce the basic data. This can be challenging when the theoretical taxonomy does not match observational limitations, or if a theoretical taxonomy is unavailable. Binary keys allow qualitative observation to be used to modify a theoretical taxonomy to produce a practical…
Descriptors: Developmental Disabilities, Behavioral Science Research, Classification, Identification

Foskett, A. C. – Library Resources and Technical Services, 1984
Offers illustrations of anomalies and prejudices found in common information retrieval tools: "LC Subject Headings" (9th edition), "Dewey Decimal Classification" (19th edition), "Universal Decimal Classification" (3rd abridged edition). Index terms in areas of sexual bias, social strata, politics, knowledge, customs,…
Descriptors: Bias, Cataloging, Classification, Dewey Decimal Classification
Lynne Chisholm Ed.; Abrar Hasan Ed. – UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (NJ1), 2010
In the 21st century, the rapid pace and complexity of economic, technological and cultural changes require women and men to adapt and re-adapt throughout their lives--all the more so in the context of globalisation. In this era of the knowledge society--where production structure is shifting towards greater knowledge use and away from reliance on…
Descriptors: Educational Attainment, Adult Education, Adult Literacy, Adult Learning

Ball, Martin J. – Journal of Communication Disorders, 1991
This paper examines the need for a transcription system that allows the symbolization of nonnormal articulations. The paper then describes transcription systems proposed by clinical phoneticians and speech pathologists, especially PRDS (phonetic representation of disordered speech) symbols and extensions of the International Phonetic Alphabet.…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Articulation Impairments, Classification, Coding

Field, Katharine G.; And Others – Science, 1988
A rapid sequencing method for ribosomal RNA was applied to the resolution of evolutionary relationships among Metazoa. Describes the four groups (chordates, echinoderms, arthropods, and eucoelomate protostomes) that radiated from the coelomates. (TW)
Descriptors: Biology, Classification, College Science, Higher Education