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Mulaik, Stanley A. – Child Development, 1987
Examines and rejects common criticisms of the causality concept; shows causality is a relation implied in the grammar of a language about objects. Discusses objective criteria for concepts of causal relations and explains how the concept of causality may be modified to have causes determine probabilities of outcomes. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Definitions, Etiology, Probability, Research Methodology

Newcomb, Andrew F.; Bukowski, William M. – Child Development, 1984
The stability of standard score and probability method sociometric group assignments was examined over a two-year period with an initial group of 334 fifth graders. Popular, neglected, and controversial groups evidenced low stability of group members over intervals of approximately 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Classification, Comparative Analysis, Longitudinal Studies, Preadolescents

Offenbach, Stuart I.; And Others – Child Development, 1984
Examines hypotheses and strategies used by children at the kindergarten, second-, fourth- and sixth-grade levels in making proportional judgements. The task involved 36 trials in which the child had to choose between two groups to obtain a target-color "chip." Results generally conformed to the developmental sequence proposed by Piaget…
Descriptors: Children, Concept Formation, Developmental Stages, Grade 2