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Northup, John; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1995
To identify the most potent reinforcers for 10 young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the relative treatment utility of a verbal forced-choice questionnaire, child nomination, and direct observation was evaluated. Results demonstrated that all three methods were more likely to disagree than agree and that a forced-choice…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Behavior Modification, Hyperactivity, Positive Reinforcement

Sigafoos, Jeff; Dempsey, Roslyn – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1992
This study assessed the validity of idiosyncratic choice-making behaviors of three children with multiple disabilities. Children were given either their "choice" of food or drink or were given the opposite. Direct observations of children's acceptance or refusal revealed the children consistently indicated choices during both conditions.…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Children, Evaluation Methods, Multiple Disabilities

Marcus, Bethany A.; Vollmer, Timothy R. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
In this study with three children (ages four and five) with severe developmental disabilities and aberrant behavior maintained by tangible positive reinforcement, noncontingent reinforcement, and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior were found to decrease the frequency of aberrant behavior while strengthening mands. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Compliance (Psychology), Preschool Children

Fisher, Wayne W.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
This study compared the effects of unequal and equal reinforcer duration during a functional analysis of aberrant behavior in an 11-year old with moderate mental retardation. Results showed that reinforcer duration affects the rate of aberrant behavior and may potentially alter functional analysis interpretation. (DB)
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Case Studies, Children

Hagopian, Louis P.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) was applied to reduce the destructive behaviors of five-year-old quadruplets diagnosed with mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorder. Findings suggest that the effectiveness of NCR may be dependent on the use of a dense schedule of reinforcement initially and that systematic fading can increase the…
Descriptors: Attention, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Developmental Disabilities

Houlihan, Daniel; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
An intervention for noncompliance, consisting of a series of requests promoting a high probability of compliance followed either 5 seconds or 20 seconds later by a request with a low probability of compliance, was implemented with a preschool child with autism. Results indicated that a shorter interprompt time resulted in higher rates of…
Descriptors: Autism, Case Studies, Compliance (Psychology), Obedience

Gresham, Frank M.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1993
A review of 158 applied behavior analysis studies with children as subjects, published in the "Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis" between 1980 and 1990, found that (1) 16% measured the accuracy of independent variable implementation, and (2) two-thirds did not operationally define components of the independent variable. Specific recommendations…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavioral Science Research, Children, Measurement Techniques

Iwata, Brian A.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1990
Three studies investigated environmental correlates of self-injurious behavior in seven developmentally disabled children and adolescents which were then later used for treatment. Correlates investigated included positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, automatic reinforcement, and control. "Escape extinction" was successfully…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior Modification, Children, Contingency Management

Mason, Susan Ann; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1989
The study evaluated the effects of a time-efficient reinforcer assessment package with three preschoolers with autism. Systematic assessment of children's reinforcers for correct responding virtually eliminated nontargeted maladaptive behaviors, and yielded expected improvements in accuracy. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management, Evaluation Methods

Wacker, David P.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
Two case examples (a toddler with severe developmental delays and a 7-year old with severe mental retardation) illustrating effects of meal schedule and food quantity on displays of problematic behavior are offered. Brief functional analyses of aberrant behavior provided useful information for interpreting distinct patterns of behavior. (DB)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Case Studies

Young, Jill M.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
An experimental analysis of imitation was conducted to examine the influence of response topography on generalization of imitation across three response types with four children (ages two to four) with autism. The study found that imitation generalized from reinforced training models to nonreinforced probe models within a response type but did not…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavioral Science Research, Generalization, Imitation

Munk, Dennis D.; Repp, Alan C. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
A behavioral assessment procedure was evaluated with five children with severe/profound mental retardation who exhibited feeding problems of limited intake. Subjects were fed various types of foods. Results indicated each subject fit into one of four categories: (1) total food refusal, (2) food type selectivity, (3) food texture selectivity, or…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior Problems, Behavioral Science Research, Children

Pattington, James W.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
A six-year-old nonvocal girl with autism who had acquired a variety of signs and imitative responses consistently failed to acquire a tact (labeling) repertoire. When procedures to transfer stimulus control from verbal to nonverbal stimuli were implemented, the subject quickly learned to tact all 18 target stimuli. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Case Studies, Language Acquisition, Nonverbal Learning

Fisher, Wayne; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1992
This study found that, compared to measuring approach behaviors to a variety of stimuli, a forced-choice stimulus preference assessment used with four young children with severe mental retardation resulted in greater differentiation among stimuli and better predicted which stimuli would result in higher levels of responding when presented…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Identification, Operant Conditioning, Positive Reinforcement

Linscheid, Thomas R.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1990
The Self-Injurious Behavior Inhibiting System (in which mild and brief contingent electric stimulation is delivered) was evaluated with five cases involving severe mental retardation and previously unmanageable self-injurious behavior. Findings indicated almost complete elimination of the self-injurious behavior with followup suggesting continuing…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior Modification, Case Studies, Children