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Bruce, Susan M. – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2005
Most children who are congenitally deafblind are severely delayed in their communication development and many will not achieve symbolic understanding and expression. This article discusses developmental markers cited in the research literature as predictive of or facilitative of the development of symbolism. These markers include the growth toward…
Descriptors: Symbolic Learning, Cues, Object Permanence, Communication Disorders

Lieberth, Ann K.; Gamble, Mary Ellen Bellile – Journal of Communication Disorders, 1991
This study evaluated the recognition and retention of transparent and nontransparent manual signs by 50 sign-naive hearing college freshmen. There was a significant decrease in the number of nontransparent signs retained as the period of time after training increased. Implications for sign language training with nonverbal hearing persons are…
Descriptors: College Freshmen, Communication Disorders, Higher Education, Maintenance