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Steinberg, Ruth M. – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1985
This study: (1) documented the spontaneous derived facts strategies (DGSs) that second-grade children (N=23) used; (2) investigated how training in use of DFSs influenced the solution strategies children used to solve addition and subtraction problems; and (3) examined the role of DFSs in the transition to recall of number facts. (JN)
Descriptors: Addition, Computation, Elementary School Mathematics, Grade 2
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Hart, Kathleen – Mathematics in School, 1987
Describes a research project designed to monitor the transition from work based on concrete materials to the more formalized aspect of mathematics found in secondary schools. The topic of subtraction was chosen by three teachers who were involved in the investigation. (PK)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Computation, Concept Formation, Elementary Education
Cebulski, Larry A. – 1984
Three studies were conducted in order to determine the source and frequency of children's difficulties in subtraction and to examine different approaches to remediation. In the first study, third-grade children were asked to solve subtraction problems and were observed and questioned about their solution processes. Children who had difficulty…
Descriptors: Computation, Educational Research, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics
Steinberg, Ruth M. – 1984
This study documented the spontaneously derived strategies that children use which may play a key role in the transition from counting to recall of number facts. For these strategies, the child uses a small set of known number facts to derive the solution to unknown number facts. How training in the use of derived strategies influences the…
Descriptors: Addition, Cognitive Processes, Computation, Educational Research
Mack, Nancy K. – 1988
Eight sixth-grade students received individualized instruction on the addition and subtraction of fractions in a one-to-one setting for 6 weeks. Instruction was specifically designed to build upon the student's prior knowledge of fractions. It was determined that all students possessed a rich store of prior knowledge about parts of wholes in real…
Descriptors: Addition, Algorithms, Basic Skills, Computation
Keranto, Tapio – 1983
Three factors associated with arithmetical processes (sequence skills, arithmetical strategies, and information processing capacity) were measured in individual interviews with 35 first-grade pupils, aged 7.6 to 8.6, in one Finnish school. Mathematics achievement was determined from information supplied by teachers. Attitudes were assessed twice,…
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Cognitive Processes, Computation
Mack, Nancy K. – 1988
Eight sixth-grade students received individualized instruction on the addition and subtraction of fractions in a one-to-one setting for 6 weeks. Instruction was specifically designed to build upon the student's prior knowledge of fraction ideas and to emphasize estimation. It was determined that all students possessed a rich store of prior…
Descriptors: Addition, Basic Skills, Computation, Elementary School Mathematics
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Romberg, Thomas A.; Collis, Kevin F. – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1985
Determined whether 11 third-grade children, differing in cognitive processing capacity, solve addition and subtraction word problems differently. Results, among others, show that children who differ in cognitive processing capacity also differ in strategies they use to solve the same verbal problems and differ in their success in finding correct…
Descriptors: Addition, Cognitive Processes, Computation, Educational Research
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Thompson, Frances – Arithmetic Teacher, 1991
Described is a study in which three instructional approaches were applied in second grade classes. Discussed are proportional materials, nonproportional materials, nonproportional materials with pictorial models. Findings, results, and recommendations are presented. (CW)
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Computation, Elementary Education
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Thornton, Carol A.; Smith, Paula J. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1988
This article describes the instructional efforts and success of two first grade teachers who cooperated in a year-long subtraction study with a university research team. Performance profiles of students in the experimental and control groups are presented, and implications for teaching are discussed. (PK)
Descriptors: Basic Skills, College School Cooperation, Computation, Concept Formation
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Ohlsson, Stellan; And Others – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1992
Proposes a theory of cognitive processes in doing and learning place value arithmetic. Discusses a computer model that simulates the learning of multicolumn subtraction under one-on-one tutoring to measure the relative difficulty of two methods of subtraction. The model predicts that regrouping is more difficult to learn than an alternative…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, Computation
Cauley, Kathleen M. – 1988
This study probed children's reasoning about both correct and incorrect but plausible statements of hypothetical children concerning the concepts of subtraction, with the intention of examining misconceptions in greater depth. Eight third graders, 14 fourth graders, and 14 fifth graders were interviewed individually to assess their understanding…
Descriptors: Basic Skills, Computation, Educational Research, Elementary School Mathematics