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Noncontingent Escape as Treatment for Self-Injurious Behavior Maintained by Negative Reinforcement.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Vollmer, Timothy R.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1995
After finding that self-injurious behavior in two young males with developmental disabilities was negatively reinforced by escape from instructional activities, an intervention provided noncontingent escape on a fixed schedule and differential negative reinforcement of other behavior. Provision of escape, even when noncontingent, resulted in…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management, Developmental Disabilities
Experimental Analysis and Extinction of Self-Injurious Escape Behavior.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Iwata, Brian A.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1990
Three studies investigated environmental correlates of self-injurious behavior in seven developmentally disabled children and adolescents which were then later used for treatment. Correlates investigated included positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, automatic reinforcement, and control. "Escape extinction" was successfully…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior Modification, Children, Contingency Management
Toward a Functional Analysis of Self-Injury.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Iwata, Brian A.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
The self-injurious behaviors of nine subjects with developmental disabilities were observed in settings in which play materials, experimenter demands, or social attention were systematically varied. Although there was much between-subject and within-subject variability, higher levels of self-injury were consistently associated with a specific…
Descriptors: Attention, Compliance (Psychology), Contingency Management, Developmental Disabilities
What Makes Extinction Work: An Analysis of Procedural Form and Function.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Iwata, Brian A.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
This study examined methods for determining how extinction should be applied to different functions of self-injurious behavior, specifically head-banging of three children with developmental disabilities. Since each subject's head-banging was maintained by different reinforcement contingencies, behavioral treatment techniques, although all based…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavioral Science Research, Contingency Management, Developmental Disabilities
Brief Functional Assessment Techniques to Evaluate Aberrant Behavior in an Outpatient Setting: A Summary of 79 Cases.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Derby, K. Mark; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1992
This paper summarizes brief functional assessments of 79 cases of people with developmental disabilities and self-injurious, aggressive, stereotypic, or other aberrant behavior. Outcomes were evaluated across three variables: (1) referring topography, (2) control over behavior, and (3) the identified maintaining conditions for aberrant behavior.…
Descriptors: Adults, Aggression, Behavior Disorders, Behavior Patterns
Parents' Reports of Their Children's Challenging Behaviors: Results of a Statewide Survey.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Dunlap, Glen; And Others – Mental Retardation, 1994
Parents (n=79) of children with autism and related disabilities were surveyed about their children's challenging behaviors and what resources were needed to manage these behaviors. A high frequency of such behaviors was reported. Contingency management was the most effective management approach. Results are discussed in terms of families' needs,…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Child Rearing