An alternative definition has been developed of the delta scale of item difficulty used at Educational Testing Service. The traditional delta scale uses an inverse normal transformation based on normal ogive models developed years ago. However, no use is made of this fact in typical uses of item deltas. It is simply one way to make the probability…

The study examined word recognition abilities of readers at instructional and frustrational reading levels with 32 learning-disabled readers in grades 2, 5, 8, and 11. Findings indicated that only in the category of linguistic acceptability (syntactic and semantic) did readers produce significantly fewer acceptable responses when reading…