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Lichter, Daniel T. – Rural Development Perspectives, 1987
Using measures sensitive to rural labor market conditions, determined that nearly a third of the rural labor force is underemployed--by being out of a job, working for low pay, or working too few hours. The current system of calculating unemployment rate seriously underestimates the extent of economic hardship in rural areas. (JHZ)
Descriptors: Employment Patterns, Federal Aid, Financial Policy, Low Income Groups
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Brittain, Ann W. – International Migration Review, 1990
Data from St. Barthelemy (French West Indies) show that, for people born from 1878 to 1967, neither cohort size nor fluctuations in external demands for labor had a lasting effect on the probability of eventual migration. Emigration slowed only after development of local tourism brought prosperity to the island. (AF)
Descriptors: Census Figures, Economic Factors, Employment Patterns, Labor Market
Martinez-Brawley, Emilia E.; Durbin, Nancy – Human Services in the Rural Environment, 1987
Reviews historical patterns in the employment of rural women and explains the policy implications of their unique labor market experiences. Analyzes current differences between rural and urban female employment, emphasizing the narrow range of occupations open to rural women and their resulting employment deprivation and vulnerability to poverty.…
Descriptors: Census Figures, Employed Women, Employment Opportunities, Employment Patterns
Hwang, Sean-Shong; Murdock, Steve H. – 1986
To explain the migration turnaround of the 1970s, it has been suggested that the United States may be approaching an equilibrium state in the exchange of populations between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. As metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas have become more similar in population composition and industrial and socioeconomic…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Demography, Employment Patterns, Hypothesis Testing
Schaeffer, Peter V.; Sander, William – 1987
This study is an empirical analysis of urban employment changes in the United States between 1980 and 1984. The paper follows other recent work on the economics of urban and regional employment growth. Particular attention is paid to the effects on employment of schooling attainment and per pupil schooling expenditures. In addition, the effect of…
Descriptors: Black Employment, Education Work Relationship, Educational Attainment, Educational Finance
Goodwin, H. L., Jr.; Thomas, John K. – 1985
Analysis of census data indicates major population, industrial, and occupational changes occurred in many of Texas' 254 counties from 1960 to 1980. While 103 counties experienced rapid population growth by both natural and migration, patterns of change were dissimilar. Population grew steadily in metropolitan counties over the two decades.…
Descriptors: Census Figures, Economic Change, Economic Development, Employment Opportunities
McGranahan, David A. – Rural Development Perspectives, 1985
Whatever migration patterns evolve, changes in the age structure mean that rural communities in general can expect fairly stable elementary school population, reduced high school population, slower growth in new business and employment, and continued increase in the elderly population. (JHZ)
Descriptors: Age Groups, Birth Rate, Demography, Elementary Secondary Education
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Singhal, Sushila – Comparative Education, 1984
In spite of gains, Indian women's educational level still lags behind that of Indian men. Illiteracy is highest for rural women; unemployment is highest for urban women. Access to education for women is limited and is further delimited in higher levels. Acceptance of changed roles for educated women is lacking. (BRR)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Access to Education, Comparative Education, Developing Nations
Brown, David L. – 1987
Demographic and socioeconomic conditions and changes in rural communities provide the context for education programs in such areas. Although these conditions have improved since the 1950s, they have worsened since 1980, affecting the human resource base of rural economics. Cyclical and structural changes affect--and are affected--by: (1) reduced…
Descriptors: Age Groups, Educational Attainment, Educational Demand, Elementary Secondary Education
Clark-Lewis, Elizabeth – 1985
Experiences of black women, who migrated from the rural south to the District of Columbia between 1900 and 1926, are examined in order to illustrate the nature of household work during this period. While previous research on black private household workers usually attributed changes in household labor to architectural and technological trends,…
Descriptors: Black Achievement, Black Employment, Black Population Trends, Employed Women
Cornwell, Gretchen T.; Thorsen, Jenny S. – 1985
Data from the 1980, 1970, and 1960 censuses were used to describe Pennsylvania's rural women and to compare them with urban women and, in some instances, men. In Pennsylvania in 1980, just 1 rural woman in 25 lived on a farm. These women were more educated, more active in the labor force, and somewhat better paid than their counterparts in 1960…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Birth Rate, Census Figures, Comparative Analysis