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Wainer, Howard – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2010
In this essay, the author tries to look forward into the 21st century to divine three things: (i) What skills will researchers in the future need to solve the most pressing problems? (ii) What are some of the most likely candidates to be those problems? and (iii) What are some current areas of research that seem mined out and should not distract…
Descriptors: Research Skills, Researchers, Internet, Access to Information
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Roberts, James S. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2008
Orlando and Thissen (2000) developed an item fit statistic for binary item response theory (IRT) models known as S-X[superscript 2]. This article generalizes their statistic to polytomous unfolding models. Four alternative formulations of S-X[superscript 2] are developed for the generalized graded unfolding model (GGUM). The GGUM is a…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Goodness of Fit, Test Items, Models
Holland, Paul W.; Thayer, Dorothy T. – 1985
An alternative definition has been developed of the delta scale of item difficulty used at Educational Testing Service. The traditional delta scale uses an inverse normal transformation based on normal ogive models developed years ago. However, no use is made of this fact in typical uses of item deltas. It is simply one way to make the probability…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Error Patterns, Estimation (Mathematics), Item Analysis
Ohlsson, Stellan; Rees, Ernest – 1988
Children learn arithmetic procedures by rote, rather than by constructing them with an understanding of numbers. Rote learning produces lack of flexibility, nonsensical errors, and other difficulties. Proposed is a theory of conceptual understanding and its role in learning and executing arithmetic procedures. The basic hypothesis is that…
Descriptors: Computation, Computer Simulation, Concept Formation, Educational Research
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Fisher, K. M.; Lipson, Joseph I. – Instructional Science, 1985
Summarizes information processing models of the mind based on a literature review; describes a prototypical model of college learning; examines links between mental models and cognitive errors; reviews cognitive science students; and identifies six factors contributing to cognitive error production. (104 references) (Author/MBR)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Style, Error Patterns, Higher Education
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Zehavi, Nurit; And Others – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1985
A model of qualities of mathematical activity was developed within a framework of learning goals. A clinical application of the model is described, in which ninth-grade students were given assignment projects. A hierarchy of effective guidance was established, permitting diagnostic evaluation and progressive development of mathematical activity.…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Teaching, Educational Research, Error Patterns, Grade 9
Bright, George W. – Focus on Learning Problems in Mathematics, 1987
How computers have affected diagnosis in mathematics is discussed. A distinction is made between errors and mistakes, followed by consideration of computers as a diagnostic tool. The development of algorithms to diagnose errors and of models of student performance is described. (MNS)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Computer Assisted Instruction, Diagnostic Teaching, Elementary Secondary Education
Wachsmuth, Ipke; Lorenz, Jens-Holger – Focus on Learning Problems in Mathematics, 1987
Analysis of errors children make is modeled both with and without computers. Patterns of thinking are traced for a fifth grader, with the discussion focused on getting clues for remedial instruction by analyzing the dialog. (MNS)
Descriptors: Case Studies, Cognitive Processes, Computer Simulation, Diagnostic Teaching
Tatsuoka, Kikumi K. – 1982
This study introduced a probabilistic model utilizing item response theory (IRT) for dealing with a variety of misconceptions. The model can be used for evaluating the transition behavior of error types, advancement of learning stages, or the stability and persistence of particular misconceptions. Moreover, it apparently can be used for relating…
Descriptors: Adaptive Testing, Elementary Secondary Education, Error Patterns, Evaluation Methods
De Corte, Erik; Verschaffel, Lieven – 1985
Recent research on solving addition and subtraction word problems has resulted in the construction of theoretical models of children's problem-solving processes. Some of these models have been translated into computer programs. Characteristics and predictions of the theoretical analysis developed by Riley, Greeno, and Heller (1983) are discussed…
Descriptors: Addition, Cognitive Processes, Computer Simulation, Educational Research
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Blando, John A.; And Others – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1989
Seventh-grade students were tested to uncover arithmetic errors. Answers and intermediate steps were analyzed and models to represent students' behavior were developed. Certain errors were common across students. Others were tied to the format of the test item. Some superficial understandings of mathematical concepts were exposed. (Author/DC)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Arithmetic, Computation, Error Patterns
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Sandberg, J. A. C.; DeRuiter, H. – Instructional Science, 1985
Presents five simulation models reflecting sequential levels of children's simple arithmetic story problem solving skills. Outputs of the models are compared with data obtained by presenting 60 five- to eight-year-olds with change problems to examine models' deterministic nature. Results indicate the models give an adequate description of behavior…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Change, Comparative Analysis, Error Patterns
Resnick, Lauren B. – 1984
Research on the psychological processes involved in early school arithmetic has now accumulated sufficiently to make it possible to construct a coherent account of the changing nature of the child's understanding of number during the early school years. This monograph presents an account of how number concepts are extended and elaborated as a…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Cognitive Processes, Computation, Educational Research
Birenbaum, Menucha; And Others – 1992
Diagnoses of students' performance on procedural mathematical tasks need to display a certain level of stability and robustness if they are to be used as the basis for remediation, particularly with computer-delivered instruction. The purpose of this study was to compare two diagnostic approaches for describing students' (n=231) errors in algebra…
Descriptors: Algebra, Cognitive Structures, Computer Assisted Instruction, Educational Diagnosis