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Instructional Efficiency: Revisiting the Original Construct in Educational Research
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van Gog, Tamara; Paas, Fred – Educational Psychologist, 2008
This article revisits Paas and Van Merrienboer's (1993) measure of instructional efficiency, which can be applied by educational researchers to compare the effects of different instructional conditions on learning. This measure relied on performance and mental effort on the test, and as such gave an indication of the quality of learning outcomes.…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Educational Technology, Educational Researchers, Schemata (Cognition)
Categorization and Memory Retrieval by Three-Month-Olds.
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Hayne, Harlene; And Others – Child Development, 1987
Infants were tested in three studies of the acquisition and long-term retention of category-specific information. Results document retention of category-specific information after intervals of two weeks. (PCB)
Descriptors: Classification, Infants, Learning Processes, Long Term Memory
School Memories Endure as Time Goes By.
Bower, B. – Science News, 1992
A study that has uncovered robust memories among former students for material learned in a college course after as long as 11 years is discussed. This is in contrast to the widespread conviction that the passing of years wipes away most recollections of concepts and facts learned in school. (KR)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education, Knowledge Level, Learning Processes
Instructional Software for Users Who Differ in Prior Knowledge.
Aster, David J.; Clark, Richard E. – Performance and Instruction, 1985
Reviews current research on different learning styles and capabilities of experts and novices which may guide software design: memory, cognitive processing, and performance differences; automatization, and coping strategies. Procedures which may enhance expert and novice performance when built into software are outlined. (MBR)
Descriptors: Academic Ability, Cognitive Style, Courseware, Instructional Design
The Workings of Working Memory.
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Waldrop, M. Mitchell – Science, 1987
Explores the central thesis of cognitive science that the mind is an information processor. Discusses the study of reading as an opportunity to gain insight into how that processor works. Provides several examples that illustrate some of the relationships between eye movement, short-term memory, and long-term memory. (TW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology, College Science, Eye Fixations
Levels of Processing: Implications for Developmental Education.
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Shaughnessy, Michael F. – Research & Teaching in Developmental Education, 1985
Describes the theoretical models which suggest different "levels" in memory processing, corresponding to the short-term and long-term storage of information. Reviews studies substantiating this perspective and outlines strategies for the use of "levels" in developmental education design, as an alternative to rote memorization. (PAA)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Developmental Studies Programs, Educational Innovation, Instructional Design
Notetaking, Working Memory, and Learning in Principles of Economics.
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Cohn, Elchanan; And Others – Journal of Economic Education, 1995
Investigates the impact and relationship of notetaking techniques, notetaking functions, and measures of working memory on learning in an introductory college economics course. Compares conventional (taking notes in the customary fashion) with the outline method (recording notes in spaces on an instructor-provided outline). Includes suggestions…
Descriptors: Economics Education, Encoding (Psychology), Instructional Effectiveness, Instructional Materials