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Briggs, Derek C. – Applied Measurement in Education, 2008
This article illustrates the use of an explanatory item response modeling (EIRM) approach in the context of measuring group differences in science achievement. The distinction between item response models and EIRMs, recently elaborated by De Boeck and Wilson (2004), is presented within the statistical framework of generalized linear mixed models.…
Descriptors: Science Achievement, Science Tests, Measurement, Error of Measurement
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Stapanian, Martin A.; Metcalf, Richard C. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1990
Described is the derivation of the relationship between the pH measurement error and the resulting percentage error in hydrogen ion concentration including the use of variable activity coefficients. The relative influence of the ionic strength of the solution on the percentage error is shown. (CW)
Descriptors: Chemical Analysis, Chemistry, College Science, Error of Measurement