Offers a conceptual/theoretical model of learners as total systems representing four learner system types: reactive, preactive, proactive, and spiralling. Motivation, behavioral manifestations, predominant learning strategies, and successful learning environments of these learner types are discussed. Instructional development and research…

This study compared media selection decisions novice instructional developers make when using an intuitive selection approach versus Reiser and Gagne's formal selection procedure. Formal selection procedure use results in media selection choices matching those of experienced developers, and more selection factors are considered when novices…

Presents thinking-aloud protocols from secondary pupils solving arithmetic story and geometrical problems and analyzes their protocols by using interpretation models founded on a general problem-solving model. A word problem solving simulation is also used to further explicate processes pupils use to solve mathematical tasks. (Author/MBR)