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Campbell's and Rubin's Perspectives on Causal Inference
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West, Stephen G.; Thoemmes, Felix – Psychological Methods, 2010
Donald Campbell's approach to causal inference (D. T. Campbell, 1957; W. R. Shadish, T. D. Cook, & D. T. Campbell, 2002) is widely used in psychology and education, whereas Donald Rubin's causal model (P. W. Holland, 1986; D. B. Rubin, 1974, 2005) is widely used in economics, statistics, medicine, and public health. Campbell's approach focuses on…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Research Methodology, Validity, Inferences
Hypothesis Formulation, Model Interpretation, and Model Equivalence: Implications of a Mereological Causal Interpretation of Structural Equation Models
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Markus, Keith A. – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2008
One can distinguish statistical models used in causal modeling from the causal interpretations that align them with substantive hypotheses. Causal modeling typically assumes an efficient causal interpretation of the statistical model. Causal modeling can also make use of mereological causal interpretations in which the state of the parts…
Descriptors: Research Design, Structural Equation Models, Data Analysis, Causal Models
Control Theory and Statistical Generalizations.
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Powers, William T. – American Behavioral Scientist, 1990
Contrasts modeling methods in control theory to the methods of statistical generalizations in empirical studies of human or animal behavior. Presents a computer simulation that predicts behavior based on variables (effort and rewards) determined by the invariable (desired reward). Argues that control theory methods better reflect relationships to…
Descriptors: Behavior, Causal Models, Comparative Analysis, Computer Simulation
Research Method for Control Theory.
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Runkel, Philip J. – American Behavioral Scientist, 1990
Examines how control theorists believe behavior results from individuals' internal standards reacting to environmental change. Argues that this belief requires a new research method, a test for the controlled variable, which seeks variables that do not change with a stimulus. Presents features of William Powers' control theory. Suggests sources of…
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Behavior Theories, Causal Models, Etiology
A Classroom Demonstration of Single-Subject Research Designs.
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Carr, James E.; Austin, John – Teaching of Psychology, 1997
Provides a brief overview of single-subject research designs. This method exercises its power by examining changes in single subjects' responses over time across experimental conditions. Describes a classroom project in which students collect repeated measures of their own behavior and graph the data. (MJP)
Descriptors: Causal Models, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Demonstrations (Educational)
A "Handy" Way to Introduce Research Methods.
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Johnson, David E. – Teaching of Psychology, 1996
Provides an exercise for introducing research methods to undergraduates. The students view a graph revealing that left-handed people are underrepresented in older age groups. Small group discussions attempt to explain this phenomenon. A follow-up class discussion focuses on the different approaches and methods available for interpreting the data.…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Critical Thinking, Data Interpretation, Factor Analysis
An Empirical Look at the Search Stage of the Student College Choice Process. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
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Schmit, Jack – 1991
This study examined the process of college choice focusing on the earlier stages of the college choice process among 4,923 high school students (3,110 students participated by returning completed surveys) involving 21 high schools in Indiana. The study attempted to: (1) construct a mid-range model representing the search phase of the college…
Descriptors: Causal Models, College Bound Students, College Choice, Criteria