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Broumi, Said, Ed. – IGI Global, 2023
Fuzzy sets have experienced multiple expansions since their conception to enhance their capacity to convey complex information. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, image fuzzy sets, q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets, and neutrosophic sets are a few of these extensions. Researchers and academics have acquired a lot of information about their theories and methods…
Descriptors: Theories, Mathematical Logic, Intuition, Decision Making
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Van Der Flier, Henk; And Others – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1984
Two strategies for assessing item bias are discussed: methods comparing item difficulties unconditional on ability and methods comparing probabilities of response conditional on ability. Results suggest that the iterative logit method is an improvement on the noniterative one and is efficient in detecting biased and unbiased items. (Author/DWH)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Evaluation Methods, Item Analysis, Scores