A four-equation simultaneous equations model was developed to analyze whether college student effort and achievement are jointly determined. Testing with 544 undergraduate students indicated that increased student efforts in working with faculty improved their grades, but course effort and library effort had no significant effect on grade point…

This exploratory study provides a foundation for research on socialization in Japanese schools, identifying types of cooperative and competitive student behavior as seen by teachers. The first of two surveys (each using two questionnaires) asked teachers to list examples of cooperative or competitive behavior. The second, designed from the…

A study applied and evaluated an inservice model for teacher education based on Alderian techniques. Subjects were 24 elementary school teachers, in a southwestern metropolitan city, who volunteered for an inservice program. Teachers in this experimental group were matched to teachers in a comparison group on the basis of age range, sex,…