Japan's postwar research and development (R&D) efforts have passed through several phases to bring the nation to what may be called "relative parity" with the United States. This document examines the characteristics of Japanese and U.S. R&D efforts. Topics compared include: national science resource patterns; science and…

Innovation includes not only the production of new technology but also its use. From the user's perspective several stages are indicated including acquiring initial awareness of the new technology, deciding about its merit, adopting, implementing and deploying, and eventually establishing routine use. This process is longitudinal, involving units…

Examines the effects of increased industrial funding on academic research in science. Highlights the funding arrangements at Carnegie-Mellon University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and discusses the impact of university-industry ties. (ML)

Presents a summary of recent ideas in the area of industrial innovation. Analyzes varying viewpoints on models of the processes of innovation and poses questions for future study, research, and policy formation. (ML)

Cites the need for scholarly activity in instructional technology and argues that it should be shifted from education, with its focus on teacher preparation, to technology, where there would be more freedom to explore the consequences of techniques, methods, instruments, and processes inherent in the field. Thirty-two references are cited. (MBR)

Discusses the relationship and contributions of research and development (R&D) to productivity growth in the United States. Focuses on the impacts of industrial R&D and presents study results on trends in productivity. (ML)

Presents an analysis of a survey of University-Industry Research Relationships (UIRR) in biotechnology that involved over 1200 university faculty. Findings indicated that researchers with industrial support published at higher rates, patented more frequently, participated in more administrative and professional activities, and earned more than…

Reports on aspects of technological change essential to economic progress in the United States. States that workers need to be more adaptable, research needs to be more focused, and managers need to be more open-minded. (RT)

The National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Studies (SRS) has a legislatively mandated responsibility for the collection, compilation, and analyses of information related to science and technology, inputs, outputs, and impact. This constitutes a broad charter requiring diverse activities. The products of these activities are of…

Focusing on the elements of the federal budget process involved in setting policies and priorities for resource allocations that affect the science and engineering base, this report serves to help facilitate a dialogue within the congressional and executive branches of the United States government on science policy. Emphasis is directed to the…

This volume was written to reflect an increased awareness of the complementary roles played by science and engineering research and engineering in creating both new knowledge and new technological products and processes. It was designed to provide a broad base of quantitative information about the structure and function of science and technology…

Reviews trends and assesses the status of university-based scientific research. Points out areas of decline and indicates changes and efforts for expansion and improvement. States future goals and policy needs. (ML)

Discusses the role of the science advisor to the President of the United States. Claims that, to have an effect, the advisor must address the President's issues rather than those of the science community. Argues that the view that the advisor is an ombudsman for scientists is a misconception. (TW)

The thrust of this book is to indicate relative priorities of technology and the rationale for investment in United States space technology to meet future needs as assessed by the Committee on Advanced Space Technology. In part one, a discussion of potential mission sets is given, including: (1) "Mission Requirements for Space Transportation;…

Designed to provide easy access to information pertaining to science and technology, this data book provides indicators on: (1) funding for research and development; (2) human resources utilization and supply; and (3) international science and technology efforts. Graphs and charts are used to note research and development efforts from a nationwide…