At the highest level, this dissertation is a case study on how bias can become encoded into the tools used to measure a construct and into the very definition of the construct itself. In this case, the construct is spatial ability. This dissertation focuses on the validity and accuracy of spatial tests and illuminates gender bias that is…

The purpose of this practicum was to determine if adult students engaged in training for high technology jobs can realize a time savings if customary or metric units of measure are used for practical mathematical calculations. Two quizzes were developed, and validated, using customary and metric units for the same type of problem, and the time to…