A questionnaire designed to identify problems encountered by novice principals was completed by 69 Montana principals completing their first or second year. Curriculum and instruction and professional personnel relations were identified as the most difficult areas. A significant discrepancy existed between actual time spent on instructional…

This paper presents one researcher's premise that the most important variable in determining classroom effectiveness is the congruence of the delivered curriculum with the desired outcomes or, that students be given the opportunity to learn what is expected of them. This theory presupposes that curriculum expectations be made clear to students,…