The history of German universities and research institutions is part of the history of the culture of Europe and its university systems. This book surveys the history, structure, and promotion of the German university system. Discussed are the diversity of structure; differentiated assistance; the promotion of science in the federal state; freedom of research, teaching, and studies; the relationship of universities to industry; and links with science abroad. The organization and character of universities and academies are described. The programs of several science centers and libraries along with universities are surveyed. Appendices include a list of colleges and universities in West Germany, a chart of major research emphases by institution, and a list of 44 sources of further information. (CW)