This book examines the role of interlocutors and their individual differences (IDs) in second language (L2) development from four theoretical lenses: the cognitive-interactionist approach, sociocultural theory, the variationist approach, and complex dynamic systems theory. A theoretical overview to each approach is written by a preeminent scholar…

Code Choice in the Language Classroom argues that the foreign language classroom is and should be regarded as a multilingual community of practice rather than as a perpetually deficient imitator of an exclusive second-language environment. From a sociocultural and ecological perspective, Levine guides the reader through a theoretical, empirical,…

In this accessible introduction to Vygotskyian sociocultural theory, narratives illuminate key concepts of the theory. These key concepts, addressed across seven chapters, include mediation; Zone of Proximal Development; collaborative dialogue; private speech; everyday and scientific concepts; the interrelatedness of cognition and emotion,…

The workbook accompanies the "Intermediate Pashto" textbook (FL 019 797), and provides additional explanations, in English, of Pashtun culture and Pashto grammar. It also contains additional exercises, with answer keys. The units and sections correspond to those of the textbook. Unit overviews are intended to be read, with parallel…

The laboratory manual for a course in basic Pashto is designed to accompany a series of tapes and other instructional materials. It contains a variety of written exercises the student is to perform in response to material on the tapes, which provide listening practice on material presented in parallel textbook lessons. An answer key follows each…

A guide to Pulaar is designed for language learning by Peace Corps volunteers. It contains a pronunciation guide to the Pulaar alphabet, 12 language lessons for interpersonal and intercultural communication, and glossaries. The glossaries are in Pulaar, English, and French; all text is in English. The lessons consist of cultural information, a…

The learning activities contained in this booklet are designed to help students of Spanish learn to use Spanish personal names approximately in a variety of situations. The first section outlines common titles of address for men and women, lists popular feminine and masculine first names, discusses compound names, lists common Spanish family…

The textbook for intermediate level Pashto instruction consists of 14 units (15-28) on a variety of cultural topics and linguistic structures. Cultural topics include engagement and marriage, children's education, agriculture and related subjects, the family, Pashtun history, genealogies of major Pashtun tribes, the Pashtun code of behavior,…

The textbook for a course in basic Pashto contains seven instructional units, each consisting of five lessons. Each lesson contains a list of objectives, a review of previously learned words and sentences on which the new lesson is based, new vocabulary, a dialogue, pronunciation exercises, exercises in sentence structure, activities to encourage…

The workbook for a course in basic Pashto, designed to accompany a textbook and other materials, contains notes and exercises for students to use after class sessions. It provides background information, study hints, and activities for reviewing new and previously learned information. The course consists of seven units, each containing five…

The set of three workbooks is designed for Canadian introductory-level instruction in Blackfoot, an American Indian language. Each workbook is intended to provide basic understanding of language use and daily language functions. The first volume focuses on the Blackfoot oral tradition, alphabet, and phonology, and some basic daily living skills.…

This manual is designed for the language training of Peace Corps volunteers serving in Samoa, and focuses on daily communication skills needed in that context. It consists of 48 lessons, which include targeted competencies, phrase and vocabulary lists, cultural and usage notes, notes on grammar, and exercises. Lesson topics include: the Samoan…

The Peace Corps volunteer language training materials for the Moroccan language Tashelheet are designed for group, individual, or self-instruction. An introductory section gives the learner an overview of language characteristics, the materials, and their design. The main section of the materials is divided into two parts. The first contains 16…

This manual is designed for the Russian language training of Peace Corps volunteers serving in Turkmenistan, and focuses on daily communication skills needed in that context. It consists of nine topical lessons, each containing several brief dialogues targeting specific language competencies, and exercises. Text is entirely in Russian, except for…

A book of language and cultural material for teachers and students of Ewe presents vocabulary lists and samples of Ewe language in various contexts, including letters, essays, and newspaper articles. Although not presented in lesson format, the material can be adapted by teachers or used by students for independent study. It is divided into two…