This book, designed as an introductory text in educational measurement, presents comprehensive and balanced coverage of all aspects of assessment relevant to classroom teachers, including construction and use of paper-and-pencil and alternative assessments. This edition expands the coverage of alternative assessments and includes a chapter on the use of computers to facilitate assessment. The chapters are: (1) "Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation"; (2) "Criterion- and Norm-Referenced Interpretations"; (3) "Measurable Objectives"; (4) "Validity"; (5) "Reliability"; (6) "Completion and Short-Answer Items"; (7) "Essay Items"; (8) "Multiple-Choice Items"; (9) "Alternate-Choice Items"; (10) "Producing, Administering, and Analyzing Written Tests"; (11) "Informal Observations and Questions"; (12) "Considerations When Using Performance Assessments"; (13) "Creating Performance Assessments"; (14) "Portfolios"; (15) "Questions for Guiding Student Assessments"; (16) "Teaching Students How To Take Tests"; (17) "Using Computers To Facilitate Assessment"; (18) "Reporting Student Performance to Parents and Others"; (19) "Characteristics of Standardized Tests"; (20) "Using Standard Deviation To Interpret Scores"; (21) "Interpreting Percentile Ranks and Grade-Equivalent Scores"; and (22) "Evaluating Uses of Standardized Tests." (Contains 47 figures, 16 tables, and 153 references.) (SLD)