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Stieff, Mike – Science Education, 2011
Imagistic reasoning appears to be a critical strategy for learning and problem solving in the sciences, particularly chemistry; however, little is known about how students use imagistic reasoning on genuine assessment tasks in chemistry. The present study employed a think-aloud protocol to explore when and how students use imagistic reasoning for…
Descriptors: Protocol Analysis, Organic Chemistry, Problem Solving, Science Instruction
Block, Cathy Collins; Israel, Susan E. – Reading Teacher, 2004
The purpose of this article is to provide teachers with examples of how to perform effective think-alouds. Twelve think-alouds are described. A rationale for their use in kindergarten through grade 5 is also included. In addition, this article was designed to provide teachers with lessons and activities to assist students in developing the ability…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Thinking Skills, Elementary Education, Protocol Analysis

Hayes, John R.; Flower, Linda S. – Topics in Language Disorders, 1987
Protocol analysis and a literature review were used to determine the ways novice and expert writers, from elementary to postsecondary levels, deal with the cognitive processes that constitute writing. They found that writing is goal-directed, writing goals are hierarchically organized, and writers accomplish their goals through planning, sentence…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education, Goal Orientation, Postsecondary Education

Pizzini, Edward L.; And Others – Science Teacher, 1988
Describes a model that teaches a problem-solving process and provides students with the opportunity to practice, develop, and enhance their thinking skills. States that applying learning to real problems is needed to increase a student's thinking ability. Provides diagrams of the problem-solving cycle and levels of thinking. (RT)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Critical Thinking, Learning Processes, Learning Strategies

Alick, Bonita; Atwater, Mary M. – School Science and Mathematics, 1988
Discusses problem-solving strategies and the successful strategy used to solve stoichiometric problems in general college chemistry courses. Reports that rereading problems, recalling a related concept, and reasoning deductively/inductively are the most heavily used strategies among 13 categories. (YP)
Descriptors: Blacks, Chemistry, Cognitive Processes, College Science

Wells, Daniel R. – Unterrichtspraxis, 1986
The recall protocol procedure can be used as an alternative measure of foreign language reading comprehension and as a diagnostic tool. Protocol use encourages students to attend to the meaning of a foreign language passage and helps teachers to instruct students in the complex art of meaning construction. (CB)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, German, High School Students, High Schools
McEwan, Elaine K. – Corwin Press, 2004
How do some students extract complex information from advanced reading materials while others struggle to find the meaning of even simple passages? What characteristics do strategic readers exhibit that others don't possess? Unlocking the cognitive strategies of exceptional readers means finding ways to teach every student to read strategically,…
Descriptors: Scientific Research, Reading Materials, Teaching Styles, Cognitive Processes