Around 1960, there were quite radical changes in emphasis in many countries in school chemistry education, with subsequent changes in many university courses. Considerable research was undertaken to explore the learning problems students were reporting and the common thread underlying became apparent: it related to the way humans process new…

Describes a strategy for sustaining student attention and systematic information processing in a college-level psychology class. Outlines how absurdities are embedded in daily instruction for students to detect. Maintains that student interest and discussion levels were increased by this approach. (CFR)

Conjoint retention and confluency are examined as psychological and pedagogical principles for use in instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL) when maps are used as facilitators. The theory of conjoint retention states that dual encoding occurs when a person hears or reads a narrative while simultaneously viewing a map containing…