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Hill, Heather C.; Rowan, Brian; Ball, Deborah Loewenberg – American Educational Research Journal, 2005
This study explored whether and how teachers' mathematical knowledge for teaching contributes to gains in students' mathematics achievement. The authors used a linear mixed-model methodology in which first and third graders' mathematical achievement gains over a year were nested within teachers, who in turn were nested within schools. They found…
Descriptors: Student Characteristics, Teacher Characteristics, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Predictor Variables
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Hill, Heather C.; Ball, Deborah Loewenberg – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 2004
Widespread agreement exists that U.S. teachers need improved mathematics knowledge for teaching. Over the past decade, policymakers have funded a range of professional development efforts designed to address this need. However, there has been little success in determining whether and when teachers develop mathematical knowledge from professional…
Descriptors: Workshops, Program Length, Faculty Development, Mathematics Education