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Direct linkBiber, Douglas; Gray, Bethany; Poonpon, Kornwipa – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2011
Studies of L2 writing development usually measure T-units and clausal subordination to assess grammatical complexity, assuming that increased subordination is typical of advanced writing. In this article we challenge this practice by showing that these measures are much more characteristic of conversation than academic writing. The article begins…
Descriptors: Writing (Composition), Nouns, Criticism, English (Second Language)
Download full textBiber, Douglas; Gray, Bethany – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
One of the major innovations of the "TOEFL iBT"® test is the incorporation of integrated tasks complementing the independent tasks to which examinees respond. In addition, examinees must produce discourse in both modes (speech and writing). The validity argument for the TOEFL iBT includes the claim that examinees vary their discourse in…
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Tests
