Feedback is justified when it has a positive influence on students' subsequent performance. Opportunities for student action need therefore to be consciously designed if feedback is to influence learning. In this paper, we discuss how ipsative design of feedback processes, i.e. involving comparison of a student's current performance with a…

Sustainable assessment is a measure of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for lifelong learning. Higher education assessment should meet the needs of the course and prepare learners for assessing themselves. Formative assessment should use a criterion-based framework and separate feedback from grading. (SK)