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Oztok, Murat; Zingaro, Daniel; Brett, Clare; Hewitt, Jim – Computers & Education, 2013
While the independent contributions of synchronous and asynchronous interaction in online learning are clear, comparatively less is known about the pedagogical consequences of using both modes in the same environment. In this study, we examine relationships between students' use of asynchronous discussion forums and synchronous private messages…
Descriptors: Asynchronous Communication, Synchronous Communication, Online Courses, Discussion