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Cummins, Jim – NABE: The Journal for the National Association for Bilingual Education, 1981
Identifies four misconceptions about language proficiency which are currently impeding the implementation of effective bilingual education programs. Misconceptions involve: (1) surface structure deviations and academic achievement; (2) surface fluency and "English Proficiency"; (3) bilingual language proficiency and instruction; and (4)…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Cognitive Ability, Elementary Education, English (Second Language)
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Bernhard, Judith K.; Cummins, Jim; Campoy, F. Isabel; Ada, Alma Flor; Winsler, Adam; Bleiker, Charles – Teachers College Record, 2006
There is little research on English language learners (ELLs) in relation to learning disability (LD) assessment and identification. More important, there is a scarcity of research on models and strategies that enhance learning opportunities and outcomes for ELLs prior to an LD diagnosis. We describe in this article an innovative language…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Intervention, Experimental Groups, Literacy