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Jang, Eunice Eunhee; Cummins, Jim; Wagner, Maryam; Stille, Saskia; Dunlop, Maggie – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2015
Research on issues concerning the assessment of school-age English language learners (ELLs) in curriculum-learning contexts has been relatively less productive than assessment of adult language learners. A growing demand for assessing school-age ELLs has led to the development of assessment frameworks that provide the opportunity to examine the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English Language Learners, Language Proficiency, Student Evaluation
Cummins, Jim – 1980
Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are widely accepted as measures of academic potential. However, both hereditary and environmental factors also play a role in performance. The limitations of IQ tests require that they be handled differently when administered to students from backgrounds other than the dominant cultural group. In addition,…
Descriptors: Cultural Context, Educational Environment, Educational Practices, Elementary Secondary Education