Mathematics teachers must expect reasonably high standards of achievement from pupils. Too frequently, pupils attain at a substandard level and more optimal achievement is necessary. Thus, pupils should have self esteem needs met in the school and classroom setting. Thus, learners feel that mathematics is worthwhile and effort must be put forth to…

There are a plethora of variables which affect pupils in the classroom. These might involve the obvious such as uncomfortable temperature readings a well as the following: (1) small group work as compared to individual activities; (2) use of measurably stated objectives versus constructivism as psychologies of learning; (3) a very quiet…

Considers issues regarding technology use in reading instruction, issues such as technology and the young learner, software issues, using the Internet, and the classroom environment for reading. (PA)

Describes a learning environment that enhances student achievement in written communication as one that develops and maintains student interest; enables students to perceive a purpose for and attach meaning to their writing; and provides precise objectives for students to attain. (NH)

Contends that middle school pupils need a specially designed curriculum with its objectives, learning opportunities, and appraisal procedures and that learners need ample time to interact with others in purposeful and motivational experiences. (PA)