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A Strong Inference Approach to Causal Factors in Foreign Language Learning: A Response to MacIntyre.
Peer reviewedSparks, Richard L.; Ganschow, Leonore – Modern Language Journal, 1995
This article responds to MacIntyre's (1995) critique of the Linguistic Coding Differences Hypothesis (LCDH), which posits that language aptitude is the primary source of individual differences in foreign language (FL) achievement. It defends the LCDH and suggests that difficulties exist with theories that attribute affective and social context…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Anxiety, Criticism, Individual Differences
Peer reviewedSparks, Richard; Ganschow, Leonore – Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 2001
Review research on foreign language aptitude and its measurement prior to 1990. Describes research areas in the 1990s, including affective variables, language learning strategies, learning styles as contributors to aptitude and aptitude as a cognitive construct affected by language variables. Reviews research on individual differences and the…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Cognitive Style, Individual Differences, Language Aptitude
Peer reviewedSparks, Richard L.; Ganschow, Leonore – Journal of Educational Research, 1996
The relationship between teachers' perceptions of students' foreign-language (FL) academic skills and affective characteristics and their performance on tests of native language skill and FL aptitude was examined. Comparisons of final grades and teachers' perceptions by skill level groups found significant overall effects when grouping students by…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Females, High School Students, Language Aptitude
