The European literature on algorithms for learning and instruction is reviewed in this document. The word "algorithm" is defined, the relationship between the European literature and current trends in research on learning and instruction in the United States is described, the important practical uses of algorithms are discussed, and potential…

This experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of three forms of an algorithm of known effectiveness and the effects of its availability following initial instruction. The dependent variable was time to solve computational problems requiring rule application. The algorithm was presented in three forms: prose, flowchart, and gradual…