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Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Gopnik, Alison; Slaughter, Virginia – Child Development, 1991
Children's ability to remember and report past mental states was examined. Four-year olds were able to report all past mental states. Three-year olds reported past pretenses, images, and perceptions well; desires and intentions with moderate difficulty; and beliefs with great difficulty. (BC)
Descriptors: Beliefs, Cognitive Development, Intention, Memory
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
O'Neill, Daniela K.; Gopnik, Alison – Developmental Psychology, 1991
Children either saw, were told about, or felt the contents of a toy tunnel. They were asked what was in the tunnel and how they knew the contents. Three year olds had difficulty identifying the sources of their knowledge. Questions that involved inference proved to be especially difficult for them. (BC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Epistemology, Foreign Countries