The history of education has featured a number of longstanding debates over educational adequacy. Debates over funding have touched on whether foundation-type programs can assure adequacy despite funding-level differences between districts. The relevance of teacher training and unionization to teacher adequacy is questioned, as is the ability of…

This paper continues a long-standing process, expressed in current practices of reauthorizing federal legislation every 5 years, of examining the rationale for federal involvement in occupational (vocational) education. Past discussions of this issue have come to a broad set of conclusions that the federal government should fund what states cannot…