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Download full textHambleton, Ronald K.; Bollwark, John – 1991
The validity of results from international assessments depends on the correctness of the test translations. If the tests presented in one language are more or less difficult because of the manner in which they are translated, the validity of any interpretation of the results can be questioned. Many test translation methods exist in the literature,…
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Educational Assessment, English, Foreign Countries
Hambleton, Ronald K.; And Others – 1993
The development and evaluation of methods for detecting potentially biased items or differentially functioning items (DIF) represent a critical area of research for psychometricians because of the negative impact of biased items on test validity. A summary is provided of the authors' 12 years of research at the University of Massachusetts…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Effect Size, Guidelines, Item Bias
