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| Hauser, Robert M. | 1 |
| Pager, Devah I. | 1 |
| Simmons, Solon J. | 1 |
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Download full textHauser, Robert M.; Pager, Devah I.; Simmons, Solon J. – 2000
This paper reviews the policy context of school retention and shows that age-grade retardation has been common and growing in American schools from the 1970s-90s. The paper focuses on the period from 1972-98 and on grade retardation at ages 6, 9, 12, 15, and 17 years. By age 9 years, the odds of grade-retardation among African American and…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Black Students, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education
