Facilitating the collaboration of multiple groups is a critical element in problem-based learning (PBL). In face-to-face learning environments, PBL facilitators require sufficient information about a group's progress and collaboration in real time to make decisions about when and how to facilitate. The capacity of facilitator is limited as PBL…

To support our understanding of how we might support the use of modeling in PBL activities for classroom use, this study explores how to scaffold collaborative scientific modeling activities. It draws on prior work with scientific modeling centered on the use of the Component-Mechanism-Phenomenon (CMP) conceptual framework (Hmelo-Silver et al.,…