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Analysis of Variance2
Data Analysis2
Hypothesis Testing2
Research Design2
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Statistical Analysis1
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American Educational Research…1
Educational and Psychological…1
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Hopkins, Kenneth D.2
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A Strategy for Analyzing ANOVA Designs Having One or More Random Factors.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Hopkins, Kenneth D. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1983
A general analysis strategy is proposed such that the universe of inference is increased incrementally. The strategy prevents logically incongruent findings that occasionally result when the conventional analysis strategy is employed. (Author)
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Data Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Research Design
The Unit of Analysis: Group Means versus Individual Observations.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Hopkins, Kenneth D. – American Educational Research Journal, 1982
The recommendation to use group means when there may be nonindependence among observational units is unduly restrictive. When random factors are properly identified and included in the analysis, the results are identical in balanced analysis of variance designs, irrespective of whether group means or individual observations are employed.…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Data Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Mathematical Models