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Creative and Critical Thinking through Academic Controversy.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Johnson, David W.; Johnson, Roger T. – American Behavioral Scientist, 1993
Asserts that whether students engage in creative and critical thinking depends on how teachers structure the learning situation. Contends that using "academic controversy" among students provides a basis for deliberate discourse and creative problem solving. Presents a five-step instructional model to guide students. (CFR)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cooperative Learning, Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking
Impact of Cooperative and Individualistic Learning on High-Ability Students' Achievement, Self-Esteem, and Social Acceptance.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Johnson, David W.; And Others – Journal of Social Psychology, 1993
Reports on a study of 34 high-ability fifth-grade students randomly assigned to individual- or cooperative-learning conditions. Finds that achievement was higher on recall and higher order reasoning measures and that the students demonstrated higher academic self-esteem and greater cohesion in the cooperative condition. (CFR)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academically Gifted, Cooperative Learning, Educational Strategies