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The Multilevel Latent Covariate Model: A New, More Reliable Approach to Group-Level Effects in Contextual Studies
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Ludtke, Oliver; Marsh, Herbert W.; Robitzsch, Alexander; Trautwein, Ulrich; Asparouhov, Tihomir; Muthen, Bengt – Psychological Methods, 2008
In multilevel modeling (MLM), group-level (L2) characteristics are often measured by aggregating individual-level (L1) characteristics within each group so as to assess contextual effects (e.g., group-average effects of socioeconomic status, achievement, climate). Most previous applications have used a multilevel manifest covariate (MMC) approach,…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Sampling, Context Effect, Simulation