In an attempt to understand the relationships among the gender of the self-discloser, the masculinity-femininity of the disclosure statement, and the sex role orientation of subjects rating disclosure statements, 160 male and female undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions. In the first condition, the…

Clients rated self-involving counselors as more expert, attractive, and trustworthy than self-disclosing counselors. Client responses to self-involving counselor statements contained significantly more client self-referents. (Author)

Surveyed 91 counselors to assess frequency of use of self-referent statements (positive and negative self-disclosure and self-involving responses) in individual counseling. Counselors reported using significantly greater frequency of positive versus negative self-reference. Found no significant differences resulting from counselor gender or level…

Researchers in the area of human learning and memory have stressed the need for systematic studies of the factors involved in information processing and their effects on the retention and recall of the information processed. One such important factor may be self-reference. A lecturer may stimulate self-reference in students through…

Analyzes the responses of 160 male and female undergraduates with either an androgynous, masculine, or feminine sex role orientation who judged the intimacy and commonness of masculine and feminine self-disclosures attributed to either men or women. Gender, but not sexual orientation, influenced ratings. (FMW)